مقالات انگليسي

[ریپورتر]

POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT OF SINGLE_PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER EMPLOYING EXTINCTION ANGLE CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Abstract

The general study of power converters is to improve the overall efficiency of the power system by some advanced methods of control techniques. Forced commutation of the power semiconductor switches leads to improved power factor in dc converters. Similar techniques may be applied to improve the performance of ac controllers. For example, an ac controller can be used to adjust the stator voltage of an induction motor running under variable load in order to maintain better efficiency. With the present semiconductor technology (MOSFET's, IGBT's, GTO's and improved bipolar transistors), many solutions exist to alter the powerfactor ofdynamic ac loads through an ac controller. In this paper, the performance evaluation of the extinction-angle control technique has been illustrated as applied to a single-phase voltage converter by examples of static load and the widely used single-phase induction motor to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique. Observations on power factor, displacementfactor and motor efficiency make up the results ofthis work.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 6
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Abstract
In today’s demanding business environment, modeling the power system has become necessary in order for utilities to make the right decision when it embarks on any form of asset expansion. Modeling allows the proposed system to be checked for any potential problems, such as mal-operation and incompatibility. The Siemens 7UT6 differential protection relay is used for power transformer differential protection and is capable of protecting transformers of any vector group. This paper covers the steps of modeling the 7UT6 relay and the application of the modeled relay in testing a protection system. A demonstration tripping of vector group D11 will be shown and the fault currents discussed. Graphs showing the phase voltages and currents will be inspected.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 9
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ABSTRACT
This paper presents a power transformer model to evaluate differential element performance. The paper analyzes transformer energization, overexcitation, external fault, and internal fault conditions with this model. Test results with an actual transformer validate the model. The paper includes a guide for properly selecting current transformers for differential protection applications. Accurate power transformer modeling and proper current transformer selection lead us to improved transformer protection.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 21
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Abstract
This paper presents the development of a wavelet based algorithm, for distinguishing between magnetizing inrush currents and power system fault currents, which is quite adequate, reliable, fast and computationally efficient tool. The proposed technique consists of a preprocessing unit based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in combination with an artificial neural network (ANN) for detecting and classifying fault currents. The DWT acts as an extractor of distinctive features in the input signals at the relay location. This information is then fed into an ANN for classifying fault and magnetizing inrush conditions. A 220/55/55 V, 50Hz laboratory transformer connected to a 380 V power system were simulated using ATP-EMTP. The DWT was implemented by using Matlab and Coiflet mother wavelet was used to analyze primary currents and generate training data. The simulated results presented clearly show that the proposed technique can accurately discriminate between magnetizing inrush and fault currents in transformer protection.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 8
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Purposes
Abstract
A new approach to CT saturation assessment is presented in the paper. Detailed algorithms for decaying DC component measurement and CT saturation prediction are proposed and their accuracy is discussed. The information on CT saturation period is further used for adaptation of the generator / transformer differential protection. Improved stabilization for external faults is achieved by appropriate temporal adjustment of the differential curve for the time period of CT saturation. The protection developed was tested with both EMTP-generated and real world registered current signals.

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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 6
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A Novel Digital Relay Model Based on SIMULINK and Its Validation Based on Expert System

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a novel digital relay model and its validation by a digital relay data analysis application. The model is developed as a SIMULINK Sfunction block. MATLAB file I/O functions are employed to generate an oscillography file and an event report. The expert system based digital relay data analysis application validates the relay model and generates diagnosis information for refining the model. An example is used to demonstrate the procedure of simulation, validation, and refining.

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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 6
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Designing For A Low Resistance Earth Interface (Grounding)



Grounding (or earthing) is the art of making an electrical connection to the earth. The process is a combination of science and “art” as opposed to pure science. This process is required because it is necessary to go through a process of “testing the options,” as opposed to calculations made via some formal process. The options for each site must be determined through visualization and evaluation, individually, using a related analytical process. The earth must be treated as a semiconductor, while the grounding electrode itself is a pure conductor. These factors make the design of an earthing system complex, not derived from a simple calculation or the random driving of a few rods into the soil. Knowledge of the local soil conditions is mandatory and is the first step in the design process. This includes its moisture content, temperature, and resistivity under a given set of conditions.

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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 23
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND IMPROVED TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAYS

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a new approach for transformer differential protection that ensures security for external faults, inrush, and overexcitation conditions and provides dependability for internal faults. This approach combines harmonic restraint and blocking methods with a wave shape recognition technique. First, we review the concept of transformer differential protection. We then analyze magnetizing inrush, overexcitation, and current transformer (CT) saturation phenomena as possible causes of relay misoperation. After summarizing the existing methods for discriminating internal faults from inrush and overexcitation conditions, we propose a new approach for transformer differential protection and describe the relay that is based on this approach. Finally, we compare the behavior of some of these methods for real cases of magnetizing inrush conditions.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 34
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Programmable Logic Controllers: Programming Methods and Applications

Most textbooks related to programmable controllers start with the basics of ladder logic, Boolean algebra, contacts, coils and all the other aspects of learning to program PLCs. However, once they get more deeply into the subject, they generally narrow the field of view to one particular manufacturer's unit (usually one of the more popular brands and models), and concentrate on programming that device with it's capabilities and peculiarities. This is worthwhile if the desire is to learn to program that unit. However, after finishing the PLC course, the student will most likely be employed in a position designing, programming, and maintaining systems using PLCs of another brand or model, or even more likely, many machines with many different brands and models of PLC. It seems to the authors that it would be more advantageous to approach the study of PLCs using a general language that provides a thorough knowledge of programming concepts that can be adapted to all controllers. This language would be based on a collection of different manufacturer types with generally the same programming technique and capability. Although it would be impossible to teach one programming language and technique that would be applicable to each and every programmable controller on the market, the student can be given a thorough insight into programming methods with this general approach which will allow him or her to easily adapt to any PLC encountered. Therefore, the goal of this text is to help the student develop a good general working knowledge of programmable controllers with concentration on relay ladder logic techniques and how the PLC is connected to external components in an operating control system. In the course of this work, the student will be presented with real world programming problems that can be solved on any available programmable controller or PLC simulator. Later chapters in this text relate to more advanced subjects that are more suitable for an advanced course in machine controls. The authors desire that this text not only be used to learn programmable logic controllers, but also that this text will become part of the student’s personal technical reference library. Readers of this text should have a thorough understanding of fundamental ac and dc circuits, electronic devices (including thyristors), a knowledge of basic logic gates, flip flops, and Boolean algebra, and college algebra and trigonometry. Although a knowledge of calculus will enhance the understanding of PID controls, it is not required in order to learn how to properly tune a PID.
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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 271
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feedback Control Theory

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رمز:www.power2.irتعداد صفحات: 207
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