The cultural district on Unter den Linden, the broad avenue leading from near the Alexanderplatz to the Brandenburg Gate, also reflects the old and new. At its eastern end stands the Berlin cathedral (Berliner Dom), which was restored between the late 1970s and early 1990s. For its entire length the avenue features modern hotels and shops and landmarks, including the restored Arsenal (Zeughaus), New Guardhouse (Neue Wache), Berlin Palace (formerly the Crown Prince's Palace), Princesses' Palace (Prinzessinnenpalais), Opera House, National Library, Kaiser Wilhelm Palace, and Humboldt University.
The Brandenburg Gate's sculptured chariot with four horses was restored in 1958 and again in 1991, the 200th anniversary of the gate's construction.South of Unter den Linden is the Gendarme Market, one of the finest architectural centres in Berlin, where restoration of the German and French cathedrals and the Schauspielhaus, the former royal playhouse, was completed during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Wilhelmstrasse, which runs north-south, was once the site of Prussian and Reich government buildings. Removal of the wall west of the street exposed the remains of Hitler's bunker and the Potsdamer Platz, once the city's busiest traffic hub. Before its collapse, the East German government had bulldozed the bunker area and begun erecting apartment buildings. Archaeologists reopened the underground complex, which has again become a focus of historical examination. Since the removal of the wall, Potsdamer Platz has become one of the major sites of current city planning and development; international groups of architects, the federal government, and commercial enterprises have proposed various schemes for the area's revitalization.
While serving as the Prussian and German national capital, Berlin always attracted architects and city planners. After World War I it was the international centre of the architectural avant-garde, represented by architects such as Erich Mendelsohn, Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Bruno and Max Taut, Martin Wagner, and Hans Scharoun. Berlin's many buildings representing the styles of the Baroque, Classicism, Romanticism, Gründerjahre (1871–90), and the Wilhelminian era, of Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, postwar Modernism, and Postmodernism, and of the periods of socialist state architecture make the city a rich source for the study of 18th- to 20th-century architecture
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